Characterization of effects of chitooligosaccharide monomer addition on immunomodulatory activity in macrophages
| Product Code | Commodity Name | Purity | CAS No. |
| SCH02 | Chitobiose Dihydrochloride | 98% min |
577-76-4 115350-24-8 |
| SCH03 | Chitotriose Trihydrochloride | 98% min | 41708-93-4 |
| SCH04 | Chitotetraose Tetrahydrochloride | 98% min | 117399-50-5 |
| SCH05 | Chitopentaose Pentahydrochloride | 97% min | 35061-50-7 |
| SCH06 | Chitohexaose Hexahydrochloride | 96% min | 41708-95-6 |
The incubation of various chitooligosaccharide monomers enhanced phagocytosis and pinocytosis activity toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in RAW264.7 cells. The incorporation of chitooligosaccharide monomers significantly boosted the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, as well as the release of inflammatory cytokines. To further explore the mechanism of inflammation regulated by chitooligosaccharide, the activation inhibitors of NF-кBand TLR-4 were utilized, the determination data demonstrated that chitobiose suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines and NF-кB p65. In addition, the investigation results revealed that the presence of the mannose receptor inhibitor (mannan) suppressed chitohexaose-induced phagocytic activity and inflammatory cytokines. These results suggested that the five distinct chitooligosaccharide monomers had inconsistent effects, the chitobiose and chitohexaose exhibiting the best biological activity in activating RAW264.7 cells, promoting cell proliferation, and increasing non-specific immunity.