Stimulation of human keratinocyte growth by alginate oligosaccharides
Materials from bovine tissues are widely utilized in biological experiments. In human keratinocyte cultures, bovine pituitary extract (BPE) is commonly used because of its recognized ability to promote proliferation of keratinocytes . However, the incidence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy of cattle and other animal species, linked to the feeding of meat and bone meal prepared from scrapie-infected sheep, has extensively increased over the last few years . Inoculation studies indicate that almost every mammalian species can be infected by the agent that produces spongiform encephalopathy , and humans are at a greater risk of being infected than previously thought . Although relevance of scrapie to humans has not been determined, care should be exercised in handling medium containing BPE. In fact, it may be urgent to develop a substitute for BPE in keratinocyte culture.
Alginate oligosaccharide(s) inducemarked keratinocyte proliferation in the presence of EGF but there is little increase in growth without EGF, indicating that the activity of alginate oligosaccharides differs from that of EGF. Thus, we postulate that alginate oligosaccharides may be involved in binding to keratinocytes, may participate in signaling transduction (including phosphorylation), and may affect cell kinetics and/or may stimulate proliferative activity of EGF and other factors in the culture. Heparan sulfate (HS) or heparin is known to have affinity to growth factors, including EGF and bFGFs . HS or heparin, of which oligosaccharide fragments have specific affinity for bFGF, promotes the binding of bFGF to its high affinity receptor insignal transduction and enhances the mitogenic activity of bFGF [21,22]. Alginate oligosaccharides may have properties similar to HS or heparin and could also interact with EGF to activate the proliferation of keratinocytes.
In sum, experimental findings indicate that alginate oligosaccharides enhance the growth of human keratinocytes as a co-factor for EGF-dependent stimulation and may therefore be used as a substitute for BPE in keratinocyte cultures.
Reference:Stimulation of human keratinocyte growth by alginate ohgosaccharides, a possible co-factor for epidermal growth factor in cell culture
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