The enzymatically produced AOS efectively promoted broiler chickens’ daily gain and feed intake. The mechanisms involved in the growth-promoting efects of AOS are concluded as follows. On the one hand, AOS modulates the chicken gut microbiota, promotes the growth of SCFA producers and increases the level of SCFAs in the chicken gut. The increase in SCFAs lowers gut pH, restricts the growth of pathogenic bacteria (which may also be attributed to a direct action of the AOS itself), regulates intestinal immunity, promotes gut barrier function, and improves gut digestion and absorption function. On the other hand, AOS increases the growth of acetate producers, especially Dorea species, and the increase in acetate activates the parasympathetic nervous system, which in turn promotes ghrelin secretion. Ghrelin promotes the secretion of GH through the GH secretagogue receptor, which in turn increases the synthesis and secretion of IGF-1; GH and/or IGF-1 promotes the growth of chicken muscle. The increase in endogenous ghrelin also stimulates chicken appetite and thereby increases chicken feed intake. These factors may contribute collectively to the improved chicken growth performance.
Graphical Abstract
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